The discovery of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in peripheral blood has been extensively studied and documented. The detected cfDNA can originate from a tumor, fetus or transplanted organs. More recently, it has been determined that small amounts of cfDNA can pass from the blood through the kidney barrier into urine. The obvious advantage of urine sampling makes urine a truly useful source of fetal and tumor cfDNA, a clear advantage over peripheral blood. The cfDNA isolated from urine sample can be used for various applications, including disease monitoring (diagnosis, prognosis and treatment efficacy) and as a screening tool for hereditary conditions.
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